Saturday, 15 November 2014

Don’t use structure to solve culture: Part 2



Don’t use structure to solve culture: Part 2

One of the speakers at TEDxBrighton was Jacques Peretti is an investigative journalist and broadcaster. His BBC series included The Men Who Made Us Fat and follow-up, The Men Who Made Us Spend.

Following just one day after my meeting with Stephen Carver [Project Guru at Cranfield], I found that Jacques Peretti’s talk about consumerism found common ground with my thoughts about change management:  That change management is entirely about identity and social belonging.

According to this hypothesis, project management is about re-arranging the things around us (or creating new products and services) in order to reinforce (or realign) identity and social belonging.

I’ll explain the theory a bit more in a moment, but let me give you an example before you stop reading this mumbo-jumbo. People buy an iphone, BMW, yacht, home or holiday because of the way it makes them feel. If they just wanted something functional there are many cheaper alternatives. How you feel about something is about identity and social belonging, possibly even religion. That is powerful stuff!

JACQUES PERETTI’S MEN THAT MADE US.

Alfred Sloan is credited with establishing annual styling changes, from which came the concept of planned obsolescence. This promulgated the idea of “Keeping up with the Joneses” which at its heart is about belonging (or not being left behind)

Stanley B.Resor’s company J. Walter Thompson (JWT) introduced its US clients to commercial radio advertising. With the arrival of commercial television in Britain in 1955 JWT was the first UK agency to have its own casting department. JWT’s approach was to use top film and TV directors persuade people about the social value of a product rather than its function. Their advertising was about being popular, successful, respected. They were marketing that iphone feeling just as Steve Jobs was born (February 24, 1955)

George Lucas made himself a billionaire by what Jacques Peretti describes as the infantilism of consumerism. Appealing to the inner child, Lucas success was to get adults to behave like children: I want it, and I want it NOW! So began consumer credit, you can have it now (on credit)

Finally Peretti mentioned Robert Waterman who at Mc Kinsey created an “internal market” for change. By writing to the wives of employees about work, bonuses and lay-offs, Waterman manipulated the behaviour of executives.

It is interesting to note that Waterman’s long term colleague went on to write The Brand You50 in which Tom Peters sees a new kind of corporate citizen who believes that surviving means not blending in but standing out. He believes that "90+ percent of White Collar Jobs will be totally reinvented/reconceived in the next decade" and that job security means developing marketable skills, making yourself distinct and memorable, and developing your network ability. His list-filled prescriptions cover everything; for example, "You are Your Rolodex”

These people, Alfred Sloan, Stanley B.Resor, George Lucas, Robert Waterman and Tom Peters have all influenced our relationship with the world, and had an effect on our own ideas of identity, social connection and self-worth.

I will return to this shortly.

PROJECT MANAGEMENT

Project Management is about the delivery of this stuff (products) which are the output of tasks. This requires aims, objectives, roles, goals and controls, budget, people and dates which is all about collaboration and co-ordinated by communication.

We readily recognise that what-ever methodology you use for project management you’ll use something like the following…

·         Aims, Objectives, Goals (Vision/Mission)
·         Tasks, Deadlines, Milestones (Actions)
·         Roles, Responsibilities, Tolerances (Controls)
·         Reporting, Updates, Meetings (Communications)

CHANGE MANAGEMENT

Change Management is generally about influencing behaviour (attitudes) and outcomes (emotions) ostensibly to help corporate or individual change. Success comes from mentoring, coaching, aspiration and peer pressure and the tool is language, and the symbols are uniform, flags, anthems, badges. This is true of primary school, football teams, cults and military forces.

So Project Management requires communication to mobilise and direct people (Push) and Change Management requires communication to inspire and attract people (Pull).

So what tools do we use for Change Management?

KOTTERS’ 8 STEPS

Kotters’ 8 Steps is a good start

1 - Create urgency
2 - Form a guiding coalition
3 - Develop a vision and strategy
4 - Communicating the vision
5 - Enabling action and removing obstacles
6 - Generating short-term wins
7 - Hold the gains; build on the change
8 - Anchor changes in the culture

See

However this recipe is over-simplistic and though it might work for an office move, with a beginning, middle and end, in a world of constant change and social-political baggage and it is more easily articulated than done.

The key truths to take from Kotters’ 8 Steps is 1,2,4,6, and 7 are all about communication and identity: being part of the team, being the change, living the process, community and belonging.

ROBERT DILTS - “I CAN DO THAT HERE”

I have long been inspired by Robert Dilts and a key phase “I can do that here” or indeed “I can’t do that here” because it breaks down some of the key components of values and culture into things we can easily understand and manage.

I – Is about me, myself, my core belief, my talent. (Individual)
Can – Is about capability, competence, and capacity. (Belief)
Do – Is about action, permission, freedom, responsibility. (Capability)
That – Is about values, culture and behaviour. (Behaviour)
Here – Is about place, environment and timing. (Environment)

Now what is interesting about this model is that whilst ostensibly it starts with the individual who thought a step-by-step process might change the world, it also suggests (going in the opposite direction) that the world might step-by-step change the individual.

We can manage that! The set-up of the environment, agreeing the “rules/values”, giving permission, freedom, responsibility etc., these are all project management things that can have a change management outcome.

See

In the same vein I would also recommend Clive Woodward’s book Winning! Again the themes are about belonging, being part of a “special team” and creating a language and the symbols to identify with, and aspire to be a part of.

ABRASHOFF – 6 QUESTIONS

My personal test of leadership is if the people around me can answer YES to the following questions.

1.      I know what is expected of me at work
2.      I have the materials and equipment I need to do my job right
3.      I have the opportunity to do what I do best every-day
4.      In the last 7 days I have received recognition or praise for doing good work
5.      Someone at work encourages my development
6.      At work, my opinions count


Source: D. Michael Abrashoff

CONCLUSION

So what’s the conclusion?

In his review of consumerism Jacques Peretti has exposed ideas that shape our identity, social connection and self-worth.

Kotters, Robert Dilts, D. Michael Abrashoff have all relied upon peer pressure and social cohesion to galvanise and direct effort. Rather than direct effort (as would a project manager) they have facilitated opportunity (as a change agent) effectively providing the bottle, petrol, lighter and wick.

In a previous blog I wrote giving people shoes and a plan doesn't make them a marathon runner. Similarly structure (Tools, Templates, Training, Techniques) doesn't guarantee success.

If your people are holding a bottle, petrol, lighter and wick and huge amounts of passion, do you need a manual to start a revolution?

LINKS

Alfred Sloan - Sloan is credited with establishing annual styling changes, from which came the concept of planned obsolescence

Stanley B.Resor – Resor was a pioneer in creating desire for a product based on “fear” eg fear of bad breath, fear of falling behind the Jones’ fear of obsolescence

George Lucas – Made himself a billionaire by two seemingly insignificant requests: 1) That he retain all merchandising rights, and 2) that he would retain the rights to any sequels.

Tom Peters and Robert Waterman, - suggested that seven internal aspects of an organization need to be aligned if it is to be successful and thereby modelled the “internal market” for change. By writing to the wives of employees they manipulated the behaviour of executives.


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THE AUTHOR

Tim Rogers is an experienced Project and Change Leader. He is founder of www.ciChange.org and curator for www.TEDxStHelier.Com . He is Programme Manager for the commercialization of Jersey Harbours and Jersey Airport. He is also Commonwealth Triathlete and World Championships Rower with a passion for teaching and learning and is a Tutor/Mentor on the Chartered Management Institute courses.

Mob: 07797762051 | Twitter @timhjrogers | Skype timhjrogers 

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